Erikson Lifespan Development Theory
The physical domain includes changes in height and weight, sensory capabilities, the nervous system, as well as the propensity for disease and illness. The cognitive domain encompasses the changes in intelligence, wisdom, perception, problem-solving, memory, and language.
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The psychosocial domain focuses on changes in emotion, self-perception and interpersonal relationships with families, peers, and friends. All three domains influence each other. It is also important to note that a change in one domain may cascade and prompt changes in the other domains.
Contextual perspectives, like the lifespan approach, highlight societal contexts that influence our development. An important societal factor is our social standing, socioeconomic status, or social class. Socioeconomic status SES is a way to identify families and households based on their shared levels of education, income, and occupation.
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While there is certainly individual variation, members of a social class tend to share similar privileges, opportunities, lifestyles, patterns of consumption, parenting styles, stressors, religious preferences, and other aspects of daily life. All of us born into Erikson Lifespan Development Theory class system are socially located, and we may move up or down depending on a combination of both socially and individually Deevlopment limits and opportunities. Families with higher socioeconomic status usually are in occupations e. Having a sense of autonomy or control is a key factor in experiencing job satisfaction, personal happiness, and ultimately health and well-being Weitz, Those Defelopment with lower socioeconomic status are typically in occupations that are more routine, more heavily supervised, and require less formal education. These occupations are also more subject to Erikson Lifespan Development Theory disruptions, including lay-offs and lower wages.
Poverty level is an income amount established by the federal government that is based on a set of thresholds that vary by family size United States Census Bureau, Those living at or near poverty level may find it extremely difficult to sustain a household with this amount of income.
Poverty is associated with poorer health and a lower life expectancy due to poorer diet, less healthcare, greater stress, working in more dangerous occupations, higher infant mortality rates, poorer prenatal care, greater iron deficiencies, greater difficulty in school, and many other problems.
Table 1.1. Which generation (cohort) are you?
Members of higher income status may fear losing that status, but the poor may have greater concerns over losing housing. Today we are more aware of the variations in development and the impact that culture and the environment have on shaping our lives. Culture is the totality of our shared language, knowledge, material objects, and behavior. It includes ideas about what is right and wrong, what to strive for, what to eat, how to speak, what is valued, as well as what kinds of emotions Erikson Lifespan Development Theory called for in certain situations. Culture teaches us how to live in a society and allows us to advance because each new generation can benefit from the solutions found and passed down from previous generations.
Culture is learned from parents, schools, houses of worship, media, friends and others throughout a lifetime.
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The kinds of traditions and values that evolve in a particular culture serve to help members function and value their own society. This belief that our own culture is superior is called ethnocentrism and is a normal by-product of growing up in a culture. It becomes a roadblock, however, when it inhibits understanding of cultural practices from other societies. Cultural relativity is an appreciation for cultural differences Erikson Lifespan Development Theory the understanding that cultural practices are best understood from the standpoint of that particular culture.
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Culture is an extremely important context for human development and understanding development requires being able to identify which features of development are culturally based. This understanding is somewhat new and still being explored.]
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