Revolutionary background[ edit ] American leaders in the Revolutionary and early US eras debated about whether Native Americans should be treated as individuals or as nations. A perpetual alliance here and defensive is to be entered into as soon as may be with the Six Nations; their Limits to be ascertained and secured to them; their Land not to be encroached on, nor any private or Colony Purchases made of them hereafter to be held good, nor any Contract for Lands to be made but between the Great Council of the Indians at Onondaga and the General Congress. The Boundaries and Lands of all the other Indians shall Why Were Native Americans Treated So Horribly be ascertained and secured to them in the same manner; and Persons appointed to reside among them in proper Districts, who shall take care to prevent Injustice in the Trade with them, and be enabled at our general Expense by occasional small Supplies, to relieve their personal Wants and Distresses.
Thomas Jefferson[ edit ] In his Notes on the State of VirginiaThomas Jefferson defended Native American culture and marvelled at how the tribes http://rmt.edu.pk/nv/custom/using-open-data-for-business-choices/how-karate-is-independence-and-empowerment.php Virginia "never submitted themselves to any laws, any coercive power, any shadow of government" due to their "moral sense of right and wrong". To enable, by competent rewards, the employment of qualified and trusty persons to reside among them, as agents, would also contribute to the preservation of peace and good neighbourhood. If, in addition to these expedients, an eligible plan could be devised for promoting civilization among the friendly tribes, and for carrying on trade with them, upon a scale equal to their wants, and under Why Were Native Americans Treated So Horribly calculated to protect them from imposition and extortion, its influence in cementing their interests with our's [sic] could not but be considerable.
Constitution of Article I, Section 8 made Congress responsible for regulating commerce with the Indian tribes. Inthe new U. Congress passed the Indian Nonintercourse Act renewed and amended in, and to protect and codify the land rights of recognized tribes. Since the security of the new United States was paramount, Jefferson wanted to assure that the Native nations not foreign nations were tightly bound to it. In all your enterprises for the good of your people, you may count with confidence on the aid and protection visit web page the United States, and on the sincerity and zeal with which I am myself animated in the furthering of this humane work.
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You are our brethren of the same land; we wish your prosperity as brethren should do. And, generally, from a conviction that we consider them as part of ourselves, and cherish with sincerity their rights and interests, the attachment of the Indian tribes is gaining strength daily The idea of land exchange, that Native Americans would give up their land east of the Mississippi in exchange for a similar amount of territory west of the river, was first proposed by Jefferson in and first incorporated into treaties in years after the Jefferson presidency.
The Indian Removal Act of included this concept. Calhoun devised the first plans for Indian removal.
Monroe approved Calhoun's plans by late and, in a special message to the Senate on January 27,requested the creation of the Arkansaw and Indian Why Were Native Americans Treated So Horribly ; the Indians east of the Mississippi would voluntarily exchange their lands for lands west of the river. The Senate accepted Monroe's request, and asked Calhoun to draft a bill which was killed in the House of Representatives by the Georgia delegation.
President John Quincy Adams assumed the Calhoun—Monroe policy, and was determined to remove the Indians by non-forceful means; [52] [53] Georgia refused to consent to Adams' request, forcing the president to forge a treaty with the Cherokees granting Georgia the Cherokee lands. Georgia contended that it would not countenance a sovereign state within its own territory, and asserted its authority over Cherokee territory.
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Emerson criticizes the government and its removal policy, saying that the removal treaty was illegitimate; it was a "sham treaty", which the U. Other people and social organizations throughout the country also opposed removal.
Native American nations had differing views about removal.
Although most wanted to remain on their native lands and do anything possible to ensure that, others believed that removal to a nonwhite area was their only option to maintain their autonomy and Tfeated. When Congress ratified the removal treaty, the federal government could use military force to remove Native nations if they had moved or begun moving by the date stipulated in the treaty.]
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