Cherokee Culture: The Cherokee Culture
It may have originally been derived from one of the competitive tribes in the area. For instance, the Choctaw word Cha-la-kee means "people who live in the mountains", and Choctaw Chi-luk-ik-bi, means "people who live in the cave country". The earliest Spanish transliteration of the name, fromis recorded as Tchalaquei, but it dates to accounts related to the Hernando de Soto expedition in the midth century.
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Chegokee is that the Cherokee, an Iroquoian -speaking people, are relative latecomers to Southern Appalachiawho may have migrated in late prehistoric times from northern areas around the Great Lakes. This has been the traditional territory of the Haudenosaunee nations and other Iroquoian-speaking peoples. Another theory is that the Cherokee had been in the Southeast for thousands of years and that proto-Iroquoian developed here.
Other Iroquoian-speaking tribes in the Southeast have been the Tuscarora people of the Carolinas, and the Meherrin and Nottaway of Virginia.
James Mooney in the late 19th century recorded conversations with elders who recounted an oral tradition of the Cherokee people migrating south from the Great Lakes region in ancient times. For example, the people of the Connestee culture period are believed to be ancestors of the historic Cherokee and occupied what is now Western North Carolina in the Middle Woodland period, circa to CE. They are believed to have built what is called the Biltmore Mound, found in south of the Swannanoa River on the Biltmore Estate, which has numerous Native American sites. But Finger says that ancestors of the Cherokee people lived in western North Carolina and eastern Tennessee for a far longer period of time.
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Typically in this region, towns had a single platform mound and served as a political center for smaller villages. The homelands[ edit ] The historic Cherokee are known to have occupied numerous towns throughout the river valleys and Cheroiee ridges of their homelands. What were called the Lower towns were found in what is present-day western Oconee County, South Carolinaalong the Keowee River called the Savannah River in its lower portion.
The principal town of the Lower Towns was Keowee. The Overhill Cherokee occupied towns along the lower Little Tennessee River and upper Tennessee River on the western side of the Appalachian Mountains, in present-day southeastern Tennessee.
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Agriculture[ edit ] During the late Archaic and Woodland PeriodNative Americans in the region began to cultivate plants such as marsh elderlambsquarterspigweedsunflowersand some native squash. People created new art forms Cultture as shell gorgetsadopted new technologies, and developed an elaborate cycle of religious ceremonies.
During the Mississippian culture-period to CE in the regional variation known as the South Appalachian Mississippian culturelocal women developed a new variety of maize corn called eastern flint corn. It closely Cherooee modern corn and produced larger crops. The successful cultivation of corn surpluses allowed the rise of larger, more complex chiefdoms consisting of several villages and concentrated populations during this period.]
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