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He makes four points about successful literary characterization, which according to him must be good, proper, consistent, and realistic [i. Essentially, he argues that for a literary character become believable for us, it must be expectable because it must meet certain qualities appropriate to class and gender. Landow ] n respect of Character there are four things to be aimed at. First, and most important, it must be good. Now any speech or action that manifests moral purpose of any kind will be expressive of character: the character will be good if the purpose is good. This rule is relative to each class. Even a woman may be good, and also a slave; though the woman may be said to be an inferior being, and the slave quite worthless. Oedipus Ex Machina.
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Fate, Family, and Oedipus Rex: Crash Course Literature 202Anagnorisis[ Oedipus Ex Machina ] Anagnorisisor discovery, is the protagonist's sudden recognition of his or her own or another character's true identity or nature. A notable example of anagnorisis occurs in Oedipus Rex : Oedipus Oedipus Ex Machina his father and marries his mother in ignorancelearning the truth only toward the climax of the play. Night Shyamalan 's film The Sixth Sensea main character, who struggles with his failure to help a former patient who Mahina him, resolves his conflict by helping a boy who believes he communicates with dead people, only to discover that he did not survive the shooting and is one of the dead people being helped.
In the film The Others more info, a mother is Mcahina that her house is being haunted; at the end of the film, she learns that she and her children are really the ghosts. In the episode of The Twilight Zone titled " Five Characters in Search of an Exit ", the viewer discovers at the climax that the characters are discarded toys in a donation bin.
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A mental patient in the horror film The Ward reveals that the three persons she is talking to are all actually herself. In the film Shutter Islandthe Macjina character, a detective investigating a murder in a mental hospital, discovers he is actually a patient himself, tricked by the doctors to regain his true memories, lost after the trauma that Oedipus Ex Machina him into the hospital in the first place.
Sometimes the audience may discover that the true identity of a character is, in fact, unknown, as in Layer Cake or Oedipus Ex Machina eponymous assassins in V for OOedipus and The Day of the Jackal. Flashback[ edit ] Flashbackor analepsis, a sudden, vivid Oedipus Ex Machina to a past event, [10] surprises the reader with previously unknown information that solves a mystery, places a character in a different light, or reveals the reason for a previously Oedipue action. The Alfred Hitchcock film Marnie employed this type of surprise ending. Sometimes this is combined with the above category, as the flashback may reveal the true identity of one of the characters, or that the protagonist is related to one of the villain's past victims, as Sergio Go here did with Charles Bronson 's character in Once Upon a Time in the West or Frederick Forsyth 's The Odessa File.
Cliffhanger[ edit ] A cliffhanger or cliffhanger ending, is a plot device in fiction which features a main character in a precarious or difficult dilemma or confronted with a shocking revelation at the end of an episode of serialized fiction. A cliffhanger is hoped to incentivize the audience to return to see how the characters resolve the dilemma. Unreliable narrator[ edit ] An unreliable narrator twists the ending by revealing, almost always at the end of the narrative, that the narrator has manipulated or fabricated the preceding story, thus forcing the reader to question his or her prior assumptions about the text.
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An unreliable narrator motif was employed by Agatha Christie in The Murder of Roger Ackroyd Reston Essays, a novel that generated much controversy due to critics' contention that it was unfair to trick the reader in such a manipulative manner.
Peripeteia[ edit ] Peripeteia is a sudden reversal of the protagonist's fortune, whether for good or ill, that emerges naturally from the character's circumstances. An example of a reversal for ill would be Agamemnon 's sudden murder at the hands Oedipus Ex Machina his wife Clytemnestra in Aeschylus ' The Oresteia or the inescapable situation Kate Hudson 's character finds herself in at the end of The Skeleton Key.
This type of ending was a common twist ending utilised by The Oedipus Ex Machina Zonemost effectively in the episode " Time Enough at Last " where Burgess Meredith 's character is robbed of all his hope by a simple but devastating accident with his eyeglasses.
here A positive reversal of fortune would be Nicholas Van Orton's suicide attempt after mistakenly believing himself to have accidentally killed his brother, only to land safely in the midst of his own birthday party, in the film The Game. Deus ex machina[ edit ] Deus ex machina is a Latin term meaning "god from the machine. The term is now used pejoratively for any improbable or unexpected contrivance by which an author resolves the complications of the plot in a play or novel, and which has not been convincingly prepared for in the preceding action; the discovery of a lost will was a favorite resort Oedipus Ex Machina Victorian novelists.
The red herring is a type of misdirectiona device intended to distract the protagonistand by extension the reader, away from the correct answer or from the site of pertinent clues or action.]
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