Acne Scar Research Paper - Seldom.. possible
BU, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, is a debilitating disease of the skin and underlying tissues which starts as a painless nodule, oedema or plaque and could develop into painful and massive ulcers that might result in severe and permanent functional disabilities, if not treated well. An in-depth interview, a qualitative data collection method was used. Data was transcribed and analyzed thematically. Results: The study revealed that most sufferers of BU disease sought help from herbalists, traditional healers and pastors because they believed the disease is caused by supernatural forces. The majority of patients considered the health facilities as most effective but geographically inaccessible. Conclusion: There is the need for a community awareness on BU disease through health education. More community-based BU surveillance volunteers should be recruited, v trained and motivated to facilitate early detection and management of the disease. Health workers should also be reoriented and motivated to be willing to manage BU patients. Acne Scar Research Paper.Classification[ edit ] The severity of acne vulgaris Gr. The term nodulocystic has been used in the medical literature to describe severe cases of inflammatory acne.
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It may result in psychological and social problems. The inflammation stimulates specialized pigment-producing skin cells known as melanocytes to produce more melanin pigment, which leads to the skin's darkened appearance. Often, PIH can be prevented by avoiding any aggravation of the nodule and can fade http://rmt.edu.pk/nv/custom/therapist-interview-the-field-of-child-counseling/hrd-concept-analysis.php time.
However, untreated PIH can last for months, years, or even be permanent if deeper layers of skin are affected.
Possible secondary contributors include hormones, infections, diet, and stress. Studies investigating the impact of smoking on the incidence and severity of acne have been inconclusive.
During puberty, an increase in sex hormones called androgens causes the skin follicle glands to grow larger and make more oily sebum. High levels of growth hormone GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 IGF-1 are also associated with worsened acne. These strains have the capability of changing, perpetuating, or adapting to the abnormal cycle of inflammation, oil production, and inadequate sloughing of dead skin cells from acne pores. Infection with the parasitic mite Demodex is associated with the development of acne.
Examples of such medications include lithiumhydantoinisoniazidglucocorticoidsiodidesbromidesand testosterone. Hair follicle anatomy demonstrating a healthy hair follicle pictured lefta whitehead or closed comedo middle pictureand a blackhead or open comedo pictured right Flowchart of pathological sequence of Acne Scar Research Paper leading to acne Acne vulgaris is a chronic skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit and develops due to blockages in the skin's hair follicles.
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These blockages occur as a result of the following four abnormal processes: increased oily sebum production influenced by androgensexcessive deposition of the protein keratin leading to comedo formation, colonization of the follicle by Cutibacterium acnes C. The adrenal glands secrete higher amounts of DHEA-S during adrenarche a stage of puberty Acne Scar Research Paper, and this leads to an increase in sebum check this out. In a sebum-rich skin environment, the naturally occurring and largely commensal skin Pper C. The proliferation of S. This enables for increased growth of both C. The proliferation of C. In their absence, an appearance similar to that of acne would suggest a different skin disorder.
This scale was the Acne Scar Research Paper to use a standardized photographic protocol to assess acne severity; since its creation inthe scale has undergone several revisions. Leeds scores range from 0 least severe to 10 most severe though modified scales have a maximum score of Skin disorders such as perioral dermatitis and keratosis pilaris can appear similar to acne but tend to occur more frequently in childhood. Rosacea tends to occur more frequently in older adults. Researcu
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These include alpha hydroxy acidanti-androgen medications, antibiotics, antiseborrheic medications, azelaic acidbenzoyl peroxidehormonal treatments, keratolytic soaps, nicotinamideretinoidsand salicylic acid. Skin Acne Scar Research Paper from acne medications typically peaks at two weeks after onset of use and tends to improve with continued use. Rather, associations — some of them compelling — have been found between check this out and outcomes including disease severity and the number of conditions experienced by a patient.
Evidence is emerging in support of medical nutrition therapy as a way of reducing severity and incidence of dermatologic diseases, including acne. Researchers observed a link between high glycemic index diets and acne. In the skin follicle, benzoyl peroxide kills C. These free radicals likely interfere with the bacterium's metabolism and ability to make proteins.
Lower concentrations of benzoyl peroxide are just as effective as higher concentrations in treating acne but are associated with fewer side effects. This helps prevent the accumulation of skin cells within the hair follicle that can create a blockage.
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They are a first-line acne treatment, [1] especially Acne Scar Research Paper people with dark-colored skin. Retinoids are known to lead to faster improvement of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Generally speaking, retinoids increase the skin's sensitivity to sunlight and are therefore recommended for use at night. Isotretinoin is an oral retinoid that is very effective for severe nodular acne, and moderate acne that is stubborn to other treatments.
Acne often resolves completely or is much milder after a 4—6 month course of oral isotretinoin.]
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